Cigarette smoke induces the myeloperoxidase release from neutrophils in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Smirnova A.

Vitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, Belarus

Objective. Aim was the development and testing of a method of diagnostics of hypersensitivity to cigarette smoke solution and extract of tobacco in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by evaluating the myeloperoxidase release from neutrophils.
Material and methods. The patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of moderate severity (GOLD, n = 37 (22 smokers); age 49 (42; 64)) and patients with allergic bronchial asthma ( GINA, n = 42 (12 smokers );age 47 (39; 56) were included in the study.The control group consisted of healthy donors without respiratory pathology (n = 26 (8 smokers), age 44 (35; 57)).We used the reaction of myeloperoxidase release with solutions toxicants extract of tobacco, cigarette smoke solution) for diagnostic.Blood for the study patients were taken from a vein on an empty stomach on the second day of arrival in the morning.
Results. The MPO release from neutrophils occurred during the incubation of leukocytes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with solutions cigarette smoke. In patients with allergic asthma (n = 42), the reaction was positive in 30 patients with an extract of tobacco, 31 patients with a cigarette smoke solution. In patients with COPD (n = 37), the reaction was positive in 21 patients with an extract of tobacco, 31 patients with a cigarette smoke solution. MPO release was lower to smokers with COPD than non smokers-COPD patients.In the control group (n = 26), the reaction was positive in 2 donors with an extract of tobacco, 9 donors with cigarette smoke solution.
Conclusion. The diagnostic tests to evaluate neutrophil hypersensitivity to cigarette smoke in COPD and asthma were developed and approved. Proposed method allows determining the hypersensitivity of leukocytes to the cigarette smoke, which may be one of the diagnostic criteria for these diseases.