Release of metal ions from dental alloys and their effect on the metabolic and killing
activity of leukocytes

Karpuk I. Yu., Fadeev V.I.

Vitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, Belarus

Aim of study. We investigated the effect of metal cations solutions from dental alloys and solutions of metal salts on the functional and metabolic activity of blood leukocytes.
Materials and methods. 22 patients with complaints of intolerance to dental materials (IDM) were examined. The control group consisted of 19 patients without IDM
complaints.
Results. After the incubation of fragments of dental alloys in water, metal cations are identified, depending on the time of incubation. This metal cations solutions (MCS) changed the metabolic and killing activity of blood neutrophils in patients with IDM, which may be a marker of intolerance to prosthetic materials. MCS and metal salts solutions (MSS) increased the secretion of IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α, INF-γ by whole blood leucocytes in patients with IDM, which indicates that hypersensitivity to the components of dental alloys was induced in the experimental group, and only IL-2, IL-10 were upregulated in the control group, which in turn indicates an immunomodulatory effect. Secretion of cytokines by blood leukocytes of patients influenced by components of dental alloys can serve as a marker of their biocompatibility and a criterion for
hypersensitivity reactions. The serum level of HSP-70 in patients with IDM was 2.41 [0.79; 2.9] ng / ml, and it was lower in comparison with the control group– 4.1 [2.23; 5.11] (p <0.05). The PHA stimulated the release of HSP-70 in both groups. In patients of the experimental group MCS inhibited the secretion of HSP-70 (0.8 [0.3, 1.1] ng / ml), while in the control group it stimulated its secretion (5.7 [4.1, 8.5] ng / ml).
The baseline NO-producing activity of leukocytes in patients of both groups during incubation with PHA in vitro did not differ. However, when they were cultivated with MCS, the release of NO by blood leucocytes was suppressed.