Specific and nonspecific neutrophil hypersensitivity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Ishchenko A.U., Sukalo A.V., Novikov D.K., Titova N.D.

Vitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, Belarus
Belarusian State Medical University, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus

Objective. Aim was the development and testing of a method of diagnostics of hypersensitivity to toxicants in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by evaluating the myeloperoxidase release from neutrophils.
Material and methods. The patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 37 (22 smokers); age 49 (42; 64)) and patients with allergic bronchial asthma (n = 42 (12 smokers); age 47 (39; 56) were included in the study. The control group consisted of healthy donors without respiratory pathology (n = 26 (8 smokers), age 44 (35; 57)). We used the reaction of myeloperoxidase (MPO) release with solutions toxicants (cigarette smoke, exhaust gases) for diagnostic.
Results. The MPO release from neutrophils occurred during the incubation of leukocytes of patients with solutions toxicants. In patients with asthma, the reaction was positive in 30 patients with an extract of tobacco, 31 patients with a cigarette smoke solution, 27 patients with a solution of the exhaust gases. In patients with COPD, the reaction was positive in 21 patients with an extract of tobacco, 31 patients with a cigarette smoke solution, 24 patients with a solution of the exhaust gases. MPO release was lower to smokers with COPD than non smokers-COPD patients. In the control
group, the reaction was positive in 2 donors with an extract of tobacco, 9 - with cigarette smoke solution, and 10 - with a solution of the exhaust gases.
Conclusion. The diagnostic tests to evaluate neutrophil hypersensitivity to toxicants in COPD and asthma were developed and approved. Proposed method allows determining
the sensitization of leukocytes to the toxicant, which may be one of the diagnostic criteria for these diseases.