Comparative evaluation of immune status in blood donors and patients with deep limb frostbite

Shardakov V.I., Kardovsky A.G., Isaeva N.V.

The Federal State-Financed Scientific Institution Kirov research Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion under the Federal Medical Biological Agence

Cold trauma leads to a weakening of the patient’s immunoreactivity and as a consequence, the development of infectious complications. The nature of immune disorders, depending on the time of hospitalization and the beginning of comprehensive medical care, remains poorly understood. Aim: to assess the immune status of healthy people: blood donors and patients with deep frostbite limbs.

Methods: features of cellular, humoral and innate immunity were examined in 120 healthy people: blood donors (comparison group) and 37 patients with cold trauma. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 19 patients (group I), who were admitted to the hospital in the first hours after the injury, and 18 people (group II) – with late hospitalization (two or more days after frostbite).

Results: in patients of both groups there was a decrease in the number of CD19+-lymphocytes, persistent (present for the entire period of observation) weakening of the phagocytic function of neutrophils (53,0±2,70% vs.74,5±2,10% in the comparison group) and well as reduction of the activity of β – lysine. The correlation of lymphocyte-platelet adhesion index was traced depending on the timing of the start of treatment. Conclusion: in the first day after the cold injury the defect of humoral and innate immunity was formed.