Frequent complications in patients after heterotopic kidney transplant

Zemko V.Y., Okulich V.K., Dzyadzko A.M.

Vitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk
Minsk Scientific and Practical Center for Surgery, Transplantology and Hematology, Minsk, Belarus

Purpose: to study the main complications after heterotopic kidney transplantation according to retrospective analysis.
Materials and methods. A retrospective study of 71 patient cards after heterotopic kidney transplantation in Vitebsk Regional Clinical Hospital from 2017 to 2021 was carried out.
Results. The results of the study showed that the main causes of terminal chronic renal failure were malignant hypertension (32,4%), chronic glomerulonephritis (23,9%) and pyelonephritis (21,1%). The most common complications after heterotopic kidney transplantation were kidney and urinary tract infections: 13 cases (52%) and– 5 cases (20%).
In 25 (35,2%) patients the causative agents of infectious complications were bacteria, in 1 – Candida spp. (1,4%). K. pneumoniae was isolated in 7 patients (28%), E. coli – 4 (16%), E. faecalis – 3 (12%), P. aeruginosa – 3 (12%), P. mirabilis – 2 (8%), Acinetobacter spp. – 2 (8%), Citrobacter spp. – 1 (4%), E. faecium – 1 (4%).
Conclusion. The main reason for chronic renal failure and futher kidney transplantation was malignant hypertension (32,4%). The most common complications were kidney and urinary tract infections, including kidney transplant pyelonephritis and urinary tract infections. The causative agents of the above infections were predominantly bacteria and rarely fungi.